The R+-F+-Consistency problem takes as input two sets R+ and R- of resolved triplets and two sets F+ and F- of fan triplets, and asks for a distinctly leaf-labeled tree that contains all elements in R+ ⊂ F+ and no elements in R- ⊂ F- as embedded subtrees, if such a tree exists. This article presents a detailed characterization of how the computational complexity of the problem changes under variou

We report on an experimental demonstration of spatially-resolved detection of atomic hydrogen in flames using a single-ended configuration yielding 656-nm lasing in the backward direction upon 2-photon pumping with 205-nm femtosecond laser pulses. Spatial resolution is achieved by temporally-resolved detection of the backward lasing using a streak camera. The method is demonstrated in CH4/O2 flame

In this work, we propose a novel method for interpolation and extrapolation of Toeplitz structured covariance matrices. By considering a spectral representation of Toeplitz matrices, we use an optimal mass transport problem in the spectral domain in order to define a notion of distance between such matrices. The obtained optimal transport plan naturally induces a way of interpolating, as well as e

Tumor hypoxia is associated with several features of aggressive glioma growth, including migration, invasion, and stemness. Most of the cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, but regulation of these factors by both oxygen-dependent and –independent mechanisms in brain tumors is only partially understood. Here, we show that the p75 neurotrophi

Parasites can vary in the number of host species they infect, a trait known as “host specificity”. Here we quantify phylogenetic signal—the tendency for closely related species to resemble each other more than distantly related species—in host specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) using data from MalAvi, the global avian haemosporidian da

Estimating the parameters of non-uniformly sampled multi-dimensional damped modes is computationally cumbersome, especially if the model order of the signal is not assumed to be known a priori. In this work, we examine the possibility of using the recently introduced wideband dictionary framework to formulate a computationally efficient estimator that iteratively refines the estimates of the candi

We demonstrate range-resolved detection of atomic hydrogen in methane/oxygen flames based on 2-photon excited backward lasing using 205-nm femtosecond laser pulses. Range resolution is achieved by temporally resolving the backward emission with a streak camera.

The area of immobilized cells and organelles has expanded very fast. Many new techniques for the preparation of immobilized cells have been developed during the last decade, especially during the last 5 years. Concomitantly with this availability of methods for obtaining suitable preparations, a rather broad spectrum of applications have been investigated. The preparations used have been based on

For the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, nonintrusive quantitative measurement of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released during the devolatilization phase of straw pellets gasification is demonstrated with high spatial and temporal resolution. Mid-infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM) measurements of HCN were performed by probing the interference-free P(20) line in the v 1 vibr

In experimental studies, eosinophils have been shown to promote the survival, proliferation, and retention of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The clinical significance of eosinophils in plasma cell disorders (PCDs) in humans is largely unknown. This study focuses on the frequency and phenotype of eosinophils in the BM and peripheral blood (PB) in patients with untreated PCD compared with hea

Birds, particularly raptors, are believed to forage primarily using visual cues. However, raptor foraging tactics are highly diverse – from chasing mobile prey to scavenging – which may reflect adaptations of their visual systems. To investigate this, we studied the visual field configuration of 15 species of diurnal Accipitriformes that differ in such tactics, first focusing on the binocular fiel

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in late stage Parkinson's disease (PD), as the frequency and severity of most of these symptoms increase with advancing disease. Objective: To assess effect of dopaminergic therapy on NMS in late stage PD and to investigate relationships between dopaminergic effect on NMS and on motor function. Method: Thirty PD patients in Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages

Objectives: The aims of this study are (1) to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioimpedance for body composition measurements in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, and (2) to investigate factors associated with any measurement differences. Design and Methods: This is a substudy using some baseline data from a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred twent

Medan den götiska romantiken ville lägga det isländska arvet till grund för den svenskspråkiga nationallitteraturen, författade Carl Georg Brunius en stor dikt om de nordiska gudarna på latin (1822). Denna artikel undersöker dikten och dess mottagande utifrån motsättningen mellan latindiktningens kosmopolitiska karaktär och den frambrytande nationallitterära ordningen. Brunius’ senkommenhet, som n

Governments of different levels have been implementing various policies to enhance the closure of material loops, as well as to reduce the risk of hazardous substances. Manufacturers and distributors of products have a crucial role in the selection and/or verification of materials for their new products. This study sought to obtain concrete knowledge on perception, experiences, and future outlook

Animal signals involved in sexual selection are often indicators of individual quality. The assumption that sexual characters such as breeding plumage may indicate immune state has rarely been tested in free-living migratory birds, particularly in relation to innate immunity. If sexual characters indeed reflect immune condition, then these could be used to evaluate individual quality. Melanin is a

This paper summarizes the development and application of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), polarization spectroscopy (PS) and laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy (LITGS) in the mid-infrared spectral region for combustion diagnostics over the last decade.

Background: Effective digestive enzymes are crucial for successful islet isolation. Supplemental proteases are essential because they synergize with collagenase for effective pancreatic digestion. The activity of these enzymes is critically dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions at a concentration of 5–10 mM. The present study aimed to determine the Ca2+ concentration during human islet isolation