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Exploring the spread of mass schooling in rural Sweden after the 1842 ‘Folkskole’ reform

A wave of recent research has attempted to explain within-country variations in the rise of primary schooling by studying local political and economic conditions. There is a particular focus on the role of the spread of democratisation and local elites in the development of schooling. An important lesson coming out of these studies is that conditions varied markedly between countries and over time

Precise robot motions using dual motor control

High motion performance, stiffness, and accuracy are crucial for industrial robot applications, but these requirements are in practice contradictory. Using a novel type of robot, the so called Gantry Tau, new combinations of stiffness and accuracy are in principle possible, except for the backlash in the drive-trains of each joint. Existing techniques for backlash reduction are either mechanicall

Predator induced phenotypic plasticity in a freshwater snail

In this thesis I examined a phenotypically plastic defence in a common freshwater snail, Radix balthica. Adaptive prey defences may involve behavioural, life-history or morphological changes. Snails are important species in freshwater systems. Their role as grazers on periphytic algae makes them particularly important as they have a positive impact on macrophyte growth in lakes and ponds. The str