Almost three out of four EU citizens live in urban areas. Knowledge on the city’s environmental structure and capabilities is needed as urbanization is expected to continue. In this study, eight indicators on urban ecosystems condition (ECIs) were quantified for 305 EU cities (>100.000 inhabitants). A composite indicator (CI), based on the ECIs, indicated differences between northern and southern

In May 2004 Turkey became a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In February 2009, in a time when the Protocol’s first commitment period comes to an end, Turkey also became a party to the Kyoto Protocol. The aim of this article is twofold: first, to identify the diverse factors that lie behind Turkey’s late ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, and second, to discuss i

Proteins residing in the plasma membrane have key functions in transport, signal transduction, vesicle trafficking and many other important processes. To better understand these processes it is necessary to reveal the identity of plasma membrane proteins and to monitor modifications and regulation of their expression. This chapter is an overview of the methods used in plant plasma membrane proteom

This paper aims to portray the increasingly complex normative structure of international climate change regime, which consists of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Cimate Change, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol as well as other additional elements that playing a role, such as the practices of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Global Environmental Facility and procedures of these inst

Background: Germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is associated with cerebro-cerebellar damage in very preterm infants, leading to neurodevelopmental impairment. Penetration, from the intraventricular space, of extravasated red blood cells and extracellular hemoglobin (Hb), to the periventricular parenchyma and the cerebellum has been shown to be causal in the development of brain i

Speech and gestures express meaning together, connecting lexical and visuo-spatial representations in the speaker’s mind. Several studies have demonstrated uptake of spatial information from gestures however usually following explicit instructions to recreate or recall spatial features, deviating from typical listening situations. It remains unclear whether exposure to gestures activates spatial r

A cDNA coding for plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) α1-microglobulin (Leaver et al., 1994, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 108B, 275-281) was expressed and purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells. Specific monoclonal antibodies were then prepared and used to isolate the protein from plaice liver and serum. Mature 28.5 kDa α1-microglobulin was found in both liver and serum. The protein consisted of an

This paper presents and discusses a new database on nominal and real effective exchange rates for an extensive range of European countries spanning 1870-2016. Indeed, with the exception of a few countries, such long run historical series have not been previously constructed. To gage the validity of these series, comparisons with the BIS and IMF indices are conducted. In addition to stretching furt