Recent scholarship in critical intelligence studies emphasizes the role of informal actors in democratic oversight, encouraging increased attention to practices and struggles of accountability. Less probed are the fundamental conditions enabling the work of informal oversight actors, and current struggles over such conditions. This article turns to the case of Sweden, a top-ranking state in the pr

When it comes to random walk on the integers Z, the arguably first step of generalization beyond simple random walk is the class of one-sidedly continuous random walk, where the stepsize in only one direction is bounded by 1. Moreover, the time until state 0 is hit by left-continuous random walk on Z has a direct connection to the total progeny in branching processes. In this article, the probabil

We consider the averaging process on an infinite connected graph with bounded degree and independent, identically distributed starting values or initial opinions. Assuming that the law of the initial opinion of a vertex has a finite second moment, we show that the opinions of all vertices converge in L2 to the first moment of the law of the initial opinions. A key tool in the proof is the Sharing

We consider the following combinatorial two-player game: On the random tree arising from a branching process, each round one player (Breaker) deletes an edge and by that removes the descendant and all its progeny, while the other (Maker) fixates an edge to permanently secure it from deletion. Breaker has won once the tree's root is contained in a finite component, otherwise Maker wins by building We consider the following combinatorial two-player game: On the random tree arising from a branching process, each round one player (Breaker) deletes an edge and by that removes the descendant and all its progeny, while the other (Maker) fixates an edge to permanently secure it from deletion. Breaker has won once the tree's root is contained in a finite component, otherwise Maker wins by building

Consider a simple finite graph and its nodes to represent identical water barrels (containing different amounts of water) on a level plane. Each edge corresponds to a (locked, water-filled) pipe connecting two barrels below the plane. We fix one node v and consider the optimization problem relating to the maximum value to which the level in v can be raised without pumps, i.e. by opening/closing pi

Bacterial toxins, called superantigens, are produced by Staphylococcus aureus and are known to activate γδ T cells. γδ T cells contribute to long-lasting immunity against bacterial skin infections caused by S. aureus. γδ T cells are a distinct subgroup of T cells containing the T cell receptor (TCR) γ and δ chains. The γδ TCR harbouring the variable chains TRGV9/TRDV2 is the most common TCR in hum

The purpose of this report is to map and analyze new European state interventions for the operation of public transport and explore their relevance in a Swedish policy context.The report meets this purpose by mapping state subsidies that have been introduced in Europe in recent years and how these are designed. Furthermore, in-depth studies are conducted for Germany and Austria, the two countries

Urban environments are exposed to a substantial range of anthropic pressures, including chemical exposure. While trace metals and legacy pollutants have been well documented, the extent of wildlife exposure to emerging contaminants has received little attention, in terrestrial mammals. Concentrations of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and 48 organic pollutants (Polyc

The paper aims to understand how established civil society organizations (CSOs) react to populist governance and what factors influence the strategies adopted. Populist governance is often characterized by avoidance of intermediary institutions, such as CSOs, and repression/obstruction of oppositional civil society, which might challenge the position of established CSOs. The paper focuses on how e

Utdelning från kommunala bolag och storleken på den eventuella utdelningen kan i många fall väcka frågor och debatt inom såväl politiska församlingar som media. I denna nationella studie av kommunala bolags utdelningar sätts såväl faktorer som bidrar till utdelning som faktorer som påverkar dess storlek under lupp. I studiens konstateras bland annat att det överlag saknas en uttalad principiell hå

Background: Orthodontic treatment need has commonly been assessed using treatment need indices during clinical examinations or using photographs in combination with plaster casts. Recently, the use of intraoral photographs alone to screen malocclusions has increased. Objective: This study aimed to validate intraoral photographs for the assessment of orthodontic treatment need. Materials and Method

The intersection of biodiversity and finance represents a burgeoning area of research with significant implications for sustainable development. Our synthesis of existing research reveals a fragmented field characterised by theoretical and review-based studies, but with a notable scarcity of empirical research. To address this gap, we propose five thematic pathways for future research: corporate a

I study the long-term impacts of a reform changing school admission criteria from proximity to grades in Swedish upper secondary education. Implemented in three municipalities covering 10% of the student population, the reform increases educational attainment and expected midlife earnings. These gains are concentrated among students in the top 25% of the grade distribution, who also experience lab

This study reports the status of the first in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic study of excited states in the exotic neutron-deficient Tz=-3/2 nucleus 55Cu. The nucleus was produced via knock-out reactions at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, located at the RIKEN-Nishina Center. Several γ-ray transitions were detected using the DALI2+ γ-ray detector array. The comparison with isobaric analogue states

With research security becoming an increasingly important component of scientific collaboration and practice, so is also the need to develop clearer frameworks. This requires a multidimensional approach that includes definitions with a shared basis, including, for example, rationales for security, identification of security domains, empirical evidence, views on international cooperation and resear

This paper provides a historical overview of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties meetings and reviews the major outcomes of the meetings up to the most recent, which took place in Dubai. We describe how climate negotiations, agreements and policies have evolved, summarise the main points reached, and highlight the key concerns of low-income countries

This timely Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research, empirical advances and insights in the field of entrepreneurial learning. It identifies critical gaps and avenues for future scholarly inquiry and presents a comprehensive, well-informed overview of the field to guide academic discourse and real-world entrepreneurial development initiatives.