Calculations of unsteady 2D flow around a square cylinder at incidence (α=0°−45°) are presented. The Reynolds numbers are low (Re=45–200) so that the flow is presumably laminar. A von Kármán vortex sheet is predicted behind the cylinders with a periodicity which agrees well with experiments. An incompressible SIMPLEC code is used with a non-staggered grid arrangement. A third-order QUICK scheme is

Direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional (2D) and 3-D unsteady flow around a square cylinder for moderate Reynolds numbers (Re=150–500) are performed, employing an implicit fractional step method finite-volume code with second-order accuracy in space and time. The simulations, which are carried out with a blockage ratio of 5.6%, indicate a transition from 2-D to 3-D shedding flow between Re

Large eddy simulation of flow past a rigid prism of a square cross section with one side facing the oncoming flow at Re=2.2×104 is performed. An incompressible code is used employing an implicit fractional step method finite volume with second-order accuracy in space and time. Three different subgrid scale models: the Smagorinsky, the standard dynamic, and a dynamic one-equation model, are applied

Despite the impact of water penetration on the performance of building envelopes, no general agreement is available on implementing water penetration due to wind-driven rain (WDR) in hygrothermal and moisture safety analyses. This study proposes a novel criterion for water penetration in clay brick masonry that depends on the water content level of masonry. An experimental campaign investigating w

Abstract in PolishW czasie europejskiego kryzysu migracyjnego prowokacyjna kampania reklamowa skrajnie prawicowej partii Szwedzkich Demokratów została zniszczona przez tłum. Od lat żadna inna kampania w Szwecji nie przyciągnęła podobnej uwagi i niechęci. To jakościowe studium przypadku przedstawia retorykę aktywizmu, która wywołała „Twitterową burzę dekady”. Poprzez analizę motywu fantazji określoAmidst the European migrant crisis, a provocative advertisement campaign by the far-right party the Sweden Democrats was destroyed by a mob. No other campaign in Sweden had attracted a similar amount of attention and resentment. This qualitative case study analyses the activism rhetoric that caused the ‘Twitterstorm’ of the decade. Through a fantasy theme analysis, it determines how the protesters

Being able to discriminate poorly justified from well justified arguments is necessary for informed citizenship. However, it is not known whether the ability to recognize argument strength generalizes across different types of arguments, and what cognitive factors predict this ability or these abilities. Drawing on the theory of argument schemes, we examined arguments from consequence, analogy, sy

The current debate on the Anthropocene is thus far dominated by the natural sciences. This leads to a simplistic analysis of environmental devastation and the underlying changes of human-nature relations. In this commentary, we urge the discipline of political science to enhance its engagement in the debate on the so-called human age and its far-reaching implications. The Anthropocene is character

Background: Post heart-transplant survival has increased, but information is lacking on specific causes of death and life expectancy. We aimed to assess cause-specific loss of life-years compared to the general population, evaluate classification for cause of death after heart transplantation, and assess validity of cause of death data from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplant (I

Based on Marcus theory, the photoinduced electron transfer properties of D-A type non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells (OSCs) under the dependence of external electric field (Fext) were investigated. The research results shown that the charge transfer mode under different Fext intensities changes with certain regularity. Focusing on the important parameters (ΔG, λ, and VDA) that affect the c

Depressive symptoms are associated with altered pupillary responses during learning and reward prediction as well as with changes in neurometabolite levels, including brain concentrations of choline, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the full link between depressive symptoms, reward-learning-related pupillary responses and neurometabolites is yet to be established as these con

The fast growth of e-commerce and omni/multi-channel retailing brings new challenges for efficient inventory management. One such challenge concerns service differentiation across channels when upstream central warehouses satisfy both direct customer demand and replenishment orders from downstream retailers. Motivated by industry collaboration, we address this issue by developing a combined stock

The parallel time of a population protocol is defined as the average number of required interactions in which an agent in the protocol participates, i.e., the quotient between the total number of interactions required by the protocol and the total number n of agents, or just roughly the number of required rounds, where a round stands for a sequence of n consecutive interactions. This naming trigge

Equivalence ratio measurements are of great importance for combustion systems. In this paper, femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge plasma spectroscopy is proposed for one-dimensional equivalence ratio measurements of combustion flow fields. The optical emission spectra of femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge plasma in methane-air premixed laminar flames were measured. The spect

We report a novel approach for single-shot planar imaging of CH3 radicals in premixed methane and air flames. A 213 nm beam from the 5th harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser was resonantly absorbed by the CH3 radicals, which were excited to the highly pre-dissociative upper level and dissociated to H2 and CH (X), as the main dissociation channel. The CH radicals were consequently excited by a 388 nm beam f

Atmospheric pressure discharge plasma is widely utilized in industry and science. However, due to the spatiotemporal uncertainty of the natural discharge, it is difficult to measure the discharge plasma spectra with a high spatiotemporal resolution. This prevents the accurate investigation of discharge plasma evolution and limits further applications. Here, we harnessed a femtosecond laser filamen

Structured lipids with desired properties can be produced by enzymatic transesterification. This is a multistep reaction with many factors influencing both the product yield and quality. In this study, the single and combined effects of water activity, temperature and substrate ratio were studied on the reaction between high oleic sunflower oil and ethyl stearate producing 1,2-stearin-3-olein (SOS